Additive guides · Product label guide
What is Blue 40 dye? It is Blue 1 (Brilliant Blue FCF), the blue version of Red 40.
Updated
Blue 40 is not a real food dye. It is Blue 1 (FD&C Blue No. 1, Brilliant Blue FCF, E133): what it is made of, the blue version of Red 40, its FDA status, and real products whose labels list it.
Quick answer
Blue 40 is not a real food dye: the FDA has never listed a color called Blue No. 40, and the EU has none either. People who say “Blue 40” almost always mean FD&C Blue No. 1 (Brilliant Blue FCF, E133), the bright blue synthetic dye that sits next to Red 40 on candy and sports-drink labels. The only other certified blue is Blue 2 (Indigo Carmine, E132). Both are among the six petroleum-based dyes the FDA wants out of US food by the end of 2027.
- Real name
- FD&C Blue No. 1 (Blue 1)
- Also called
- Brilliant Blue FCF, E133
- The other blue
- Blue 2, Indigo Carmine, E132
- In our catalog
- 76 current labels name Blue 1
01 · A closer look
Is Blue 40 a thing?
No. The federal list of certified (synthetic) colors for food, 21 CFR Part 74 Subpart A, has eight entries: FD&C Blue No. 1, Blue No. 2, Green No. 3, Red No. 3, Red No. 40, Yellow No. 5, Yellow No. 6 and Citrus Red No. 2. There is no Blue No. 40. (A ninth, Orange B, was revoked in July 2026, and Red 3 must be out of food by January 15, 2027.) The number is a listing number, not a shade or strength, so Red 40 does not imply a matching Blue 40. A package, menu, recipe or video that says “Blue 40” is almost always describing Blue 1.
21 CFR Part 74, Subpart A: certified color additives listed for food (eCFR, as of Oct 1, 2026)02 · A closer look
Is there a blue version of Red 40?
The closest match is Blue 1. Both are FD&C certified colors that the FDA calls petroleum-based, both are on its list of six dyes it wants removed from food by the end of 2027, and they usually share an ingredient list (purple and green candy are blends). They are different chemicals, though: Red 40 is an azo dye, Blue 1 a triarylmethane dye, and only Red 40 needs the EU’s children’s activity warning.
| Blue 1 | Red 40 | Blue 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Official name | Brilliant Blue FCF | Allura Red AC | Indigo Carmine (Indigotine) |
| EU code | E133 | E129 | E132 |
| Shade | Bright turquoise blue | Orange-red | Deep navy, slightly purple |
| Dye family | Triarylmethane | Azo | Indigoid (made from indigo) |
| EU intake limit (ADI) | 6 mg/kg body weight a day (EFSA 2010) | 7 mg/kg body weight a day (EFSA 2009) | 5 mg/kg body weight a day (EFSA 2014) |
| EU children’s warning label | No | Yes | No |
| On the FDA’s 2027 removal list | Yes | Yes | Yes |
03 · A closer look
What is Blue 40 made of?
Blue 40 does not exist, so the real question is what Blue 1 is made of. Federal rules define FD&C Blue No. 1 as principally the disodium salt of a synthetic sulfonated dye (chemically, a triarylmethane), with limits on lead, arsenic, chromium and manganese, and every batch must be certified by the FDA before it can be sold. It contains no plant or animal ingredients. Blue 2 is made differently: synthetic indigo, produced from aniline and formaldehyde, is heated with sulfuric acid, then purified. “Lake” forms such as Blue 1 Lake are the same dyes bound to aluminum so they do not bleed in candy shells, coatings and seasoning dust. Blue 1 is often blended with Yellow 5 to make green.
21 CFR 74.101: FD&C Blue No. 1 (eCFR)04 · A closer look
Blue dye names on an ingredient list.
Under FDA labeling rules a certified color must be named, usually in short form such as “Blue 1” or “Blue 1 Lake”, so a blue dye cannot hide behind “artificial color” on a US label. The exception is butter, cheese and ice cream, where added colors (other than Yellow 5) do not have to be declared at all. This checker matches every one of these names on every label it reads.
| Label wording | What it means |
|---|---|
| Blue 1, Blue 1 Lake | Brilliant Blue FCF; the Lake form is bound to aluminum for coatings and candy shells |
| FD&C Blue No. 1 | The full US name of Blue 1 |
| Brilliant Blue FCF, E133 | The common name and EU/UK code for Blue 1, seen on imported foods |
| Blue 2, FD&C Blue No. 2 | Indigo Carmine, a darker, purplish blue |
| Indigotine, E132 | Other names for Blue 2 |
| Artificial color, color added (no name) | On a US label this should be a color exempt from certification, not Blue 1 or Blue 2; ice cream may list no colors at all |
05 · A closer look
Foods that commonly contain Blue 1.
The FDA lists confections, beverages, cereals, frozen dairy desserts, popsicles, frostings and icings as typical uses of Blue 1, and baked goods, cereals, snack foods, ice cream, confections and yogurt for Blue 2. In our catalog candy is the most common shelf for both (counts below). The products below are not a guess: their current label names a blue dye.
FDA: color additives and ingredient labels06 · A closer look
Is Blue 1 safe, banned or being phased out?
Blue 1 is approved by the FDA and in the EU. EFSA’s 2010 re-evaluation lowered its acceptable daily intake to 6 mg per kg of body weight. Its refined intake estimates at the maximum reported use levels were below that limit, though a less refined estimate put high-consuming children (the 95th percentile) above it. There is no federal ban: in April 2025 HHS and the FDA asked industry to stop using Blue 1 and five other petroleum-based dyes, and the FDA’s pledge tracker now targets the end of 2027. States go further: West Virginia barred Blue 1 from school meals from August 1, 2025 and treats food containing it as adulterated from January 1, 2028, and California’s School Food Safety Act (AB 2316) bars it from public school food from December 31, 2027. This is a label guide, not medical advice.
EFSA ANS Panel: re-evaluation of Brilliant Blue FCF (E 133) as a food additive, EFSA Journal (2010)07 · A closer look
How to avoid blue dye.
Read the ingredient list for the names above, choose USDA Organic (synthetic dyes are not allowed), or pick foods colored with spirulina extract or butterfly pea flower extract, color additives that are exempt from certification and are not flagged as artificial dyes. The FDA has also approved gardenia blue and Galdieria extract blue as plant- and algae-based replacements. The table at the end lists products whose current label names no artificial dye.
From the catalog · 12 labels
Blue 1 and Blue 2 in our catalog
Of the 4,729 products whose full ingredient list we have read in the last 90 days, 76 (from 60 brands) name Blue 1 and 15 name Blue 2. Blue 1 rarely appears alone: 69 of those 76 labels also list Red 40. Below are up to 12 of them, one per brand; open a product to see the full label and the date we read it.
| Labels | |
|---|---|
| Current, complete labels checked | 4,729 |
| Name Blue 1 (Brilliant Blue FCF) | 76 (1.6%) |
| Name Blue 2 (Indigo Carmine) | 15 (0.3%) |
| Blue 1 labels that also list Red 40 | 69 of 76 |
| Blue 1 labels that also list Yellow 5 | 61 of 76 |
| Blue 1 labels using Blue 1 Lake | 13 of 76 |
| Blue 1 labels on the Candy & gummies shelf | 36 |
| Blue 1 labels on the Cookies shelf | 9 |
| Blue 1 labels on the Fruit snacks & pouches shelf | 5 |
| Blue 1 labels on the Cereal shelf | 4 |
| Blue 1 labels on the Chips & crisps shelf | 3 |
BarebellsBirthday Cake
Kellogg'sMashups Frosted Flakes of Corn + Froot Loops Sweetened Cereal
General MillsLucky Charms, Frosted Toasted Oat Cereal with Marshmallows
PostFruity Pebbles Sweetened Rice Cereal- Photo pendingDannonDanimals, Nonfat Yogurt with Chocolate Candies Topping, Vanilla
- Photo pendingDoritosCool Ranch Flavored Tortilla Chips
- Photo pendingWiseBbq Potato Chips
Pure ProteinBirthday Cake Bar- Photo pendingTotino'sPepperoni Pizza Rolls
- Photo pendingMountain DewPitch Black Ii, Soda, Grape
- Photo pendingGatoradeCool Blue Zero Sugar Thirst Quencher
- Photo pendingPedialyteGrape Electrolyte Powder
The short answer
Our picks for what is blue 40?
WinnersJovial Organic Einkorn All-Purpose Flour, Jovial Organic Einkorn Whole Wheat Flour, and Otto's Naturals Organic Cassava Flour each score 100/100. They tie, so choose on the exact flavor or format you want.
Runners-upOtto's Naturals Cassava Flour (Certified Non-GMO) (71), Terrasoul Superfoods Arrowroot Flour (71), and Terrasoul Superfoods Cacao Butter Wafers (71).
Clear noKodiak Cakes Homestyle Power Waffles (lists seed oils).
Ranked from 24 of 24 products with current labels. Every product is in the table below; a score reflects labels and claims, not nutrition, allergies or safety.
Compare the recorded labels
Find the ingredients that matter to you.
“No …” columns: None found on the label · Listed on the label · Unknown. Diet fit: Fits · Doesn’t fit · Unknown (rules; not medical advice). Claims: verified · not established. Default: most check marks first; not a health score.
| Buy | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · organic | Buy on Amazon ↗Product details → | 5 | ||||||
Sourcing claim evidence ↗ · reviewed 2026-10-05 Producer claims Organic The exact source catalog title states: “Organic Einkorn All-Purpose Flour 2 lb.”. Source catalog claims are shown separately from ingredient checks. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed 2026-10-05 | ||||||||
| 100 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · organic | Buy on Amazon ↗Product details → | 5 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients Organic whole wheat einkorn flour. Label checked 2026-10-11 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Sourcing claim evidence ↗ · reviewed 2026-10-05 Producer claims Organic The exact source catalog title states: “Organic Einkorn Whole Wheat Flour 2 lb.”. Source catalog claims are shown separately from ingredient checks. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed 2026-10-05 | ||||||||
| 100 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · organic | Buy on Amazon ↗Product details → | 5 | ||||||
Sourcing claim evidence ↗ · reviewed 2026-10-11 Producer claims Organic The exact source catalog title states: “Organic Cassava Flour”. Source catalog claims are shown separately from ingredient checks. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed 2026-10-11 | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Find where to buy ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients 100% whole grain wheat flour, cane sugar, 100% whole grain rolled oats, wheat protein isolate, 100% whole grain oat flour, palm oil, dried apples, apple powder (apples, rice flour), whey protein concentrate, cinnamon, leavening (monocalcium phosphate, baking soda), nonfat dry milk, sea salt, natural flavor. Label checked 2026-10-16 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Find where to buy ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients 100% Whole Grain Wheat Flour, Vital Wheat Gluten, Brown Sugar, Cane Sugar, 100% Whole Grain Oat Flour, Banana Powder, Light Molasses (refinery syrup, cane molasses), Leavening (Cream of Tartar, Baking Soda), Natural Flavor, Sea Salt, Cinnamon. Label checked 2026-10-16 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Find where to buy ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients 100% whole grain wheat flour, cane sugar, whole grain oat flour, semisweet chocolate (sugar, unsweetened chocolate, cocoa butter, dextrose, sunflower and/or soy lecithin), palm oil, cocoa (processed with alkali), vital wheat gluten, whey protein concentrate, milk protein concentrate, leavening (monocalcium phosphate, baking soda), sea salt. Label checked 2026-10-16 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Find where to buy ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients 100% whole grain wheat flour, brown sugar, 100% whole grain oat flour, palm oil, wheat protein isolate, semisweet chocolate chips (sugar, unsweetened chocolate, cocoa butter, dextrose, sunflower lecithin), nonfat dry milk, pumpkin, whey protein concentrate, spices, honey powder (honey, wheat starch), milk protein concentrate, leavening (monocalcium phosphate, baking soda), sea salt, natural flavor. Label checked 2026-10-16 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Buy on Amazon ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients Flour Blend (Sorghum, Cassava, Rice, Pea, Buckwheat), Erythritol, Allulose, Vegetable Fibers (Potato, Rice, Plantago), Leavening (Baking Powder, Baking Soda), Poppyseeds, Natural Flavors, Cellulose, Psyllium Husk, Sea Salt, Monk Fruit Extract, Citric Acid, Enzymatic Preparations (Dough Conditioner), Xanthan Gum, Emulsifier (Hypromellose). Label checked 2026-10-11 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Buy on Amazon ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients Flour Blend (Sorghum, Cassava, Rice, Pea, Buckwheat), Erythritol, Allulose, Vegetable Fibers (Potato, Rice, Plantago), Leavening (Baking Powder, Baking Soda), Cellulose, Psyllium Husk, Sea Salt, Monk Fruit Extract, Citric Acid, Enzymatic Preparations (Dough Conditioner), Xanthan Gum, Emulsifier (Hypromellose). Label checked 2026-10-11 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Buy on Amazon ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients Flour Blend (Sorghum, Cassava, Rice, Pea, Buckwheat), Erythritol, Allulose, Vegetable Fibers (Potato, Rice, Plantago), Leavening (Baking Powder, Baking Soda), Natural Flavors, Cellulose, Psyllium Husk, Spices, Pumpkin, Sea Salt, Annatto, Monk Fruit Extract, Enzymatic Preparations (Dough Conditioner), Xanthan Gum, Emulsifier (Hypromellose). Label checked 2026-10-11 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Buy on Amazon ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients Non-GMO Lakanto Monkfruit Sweetener (Erythritol and Monk Fruit Extract), Almond Flour, Oat Fiber, Walnuts, Tapioca Fiber, Fava Bean Protein, Natural Banana Flavor, Cellulose, Psyllium, Cinnamon, Sea Salt, Baking Powder, Baking Soda. Label checked 2026-10-11 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Find where to buy ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients Tapioca Fiber, Non-GMO Lakanto Monkfruit Sweetener (Erythritol and Monk Fruit Extract), Dutched Cocoa, Chick Pea Flour, Sugarcane Fiber, Acacia Gum, Oat Fiber, Sea Salt, Baking Powder, Guar Gum, Natural Flavors. Label checked 2026-10-11 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Find where to buy ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients Cacao wafers* (cacao liquor*, coconut palm sugar*, cacao butter*, cacao powder*)., Organic ingredient., This product carries California’s Proposition 65 WARNING Label checked 2026-10-16 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Find where to buy ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients Cacao wafers* (coconut palm sugar*, cacao liquor*, cacao butter*, cacao powder*)., Organic ingredient., This product carries California’s Proposition 65 WARNING Label checked 2026-10-16 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Find where to buy ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Find where to buy ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients Cassava Starch, Sodium Bicarbonate, Monocalcium Phosphate Label checked 2026-10-11 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Buy on Amazon ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients Organic Cane Sugar, Organic Cassava Flour, Organic Natural Cocoa Powder, Organic Dutch Cocoa Powder, Sea Salt Label checked 2026-10-11 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Find where to buy ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients Organic Coconut Sugar, Organic Cassava Flour, Organic Maple Sugar, Organic Natural Cocoa Powder, Organic Dutch Cocoa Powder, Sea Salt Label checked 2026-10-11 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Buy on Amazon ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients Organic Cassava Flour, Organic Brown Sugar, Organic Cane Sugar, Baking Soda, Sea Salt Label checked 2026-10-11 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Find where to buy ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients PROTEIN BLEND (MILK PROTEIN ISOLATE, WHEY PROTEIN ISOLATE), POLYDEXTROSE (PREBIOTIC FIBER), ALMONDS, WATER, ERYTHRITOL, PALM KERNEL OIL, SODIUM CASEINATE, COCOA BUTTER, GLYCERIN. Label checked 2026-10-11 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Buy on Amazon ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients Organic Arrowroot Flour (Maranta arundinaceae) Label checked 2026-10-11 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Find where to buy ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients Organic Cacao Butter (Theobroma cacao) Label checked 2026-10-11 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 71 / 1009 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Find where to buy ↗Product details → | 4 | ||||||
Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
| 63 / 1008 of 9 groups clear · no organic claim | Buy on Amazon ↗Product details → | 3 | ||||||
Recorded ingredients 100% whole grain wheat flour, water, wheat protein isolate, eggs, canola oil, whey protein isolate, buttermilk, 100% whole grain oat flour, sunflower lecithin, egg whites, date powder, leavening (sodium acid pyrophosphate, baking soda), natural flavors, sea salt. Label checked 2026-10-16 · US Ingredient evidence source ↗Producer claims Sourcing claim not reviewed The catalog establishes this product’s name and photograph. Sourcing claims and a complete ingredient label may still need review. Producer claim source ↗Reviewed | ||||||||
How the clean score works
No setup needed, and strict: a full 100 needs every additive group clear and a verified organic claim (animal foods also need a verified grass-fed or pasture-raised claim; wild seafood and salt, which have no USDA organic standard, are scored without the organic points, and plant-based milks, cheeses and proteins without the feeding claim). Points: the nine additive groups (seed oils, artificial dyes, MSG, artificial sweeteners, carrageenan, artificial preservatives, hydrogenated oils, corn syrups, banned-abroad additives) share 60 points equally — not found earns a group’s full share, “may contain” earns half, listed earns 0; a verified organic claim is worth 25; a verified grass-fed or pasture-raised claim is worth 15 and counts only for animal foods. No claim, or an expired or unverified claim, earns nothing, so products without those claims cannot reach 100. Unverified or expired ingredient labels receive no score. Equal scores are equal. Ties are ordered by brand. Unknown and stale evidence never passes “Only show matches.” Producer claims and prices do not affect this score. This is not a nutrition, allergy, or safety rating.
As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Buying links do not influence ingredient results. “Buy on Amazon” opens a reviewed product listing; “Find where to buy” opens the maker’s page. Confirm the package, seller, stock, and current price before checkout. Price observations expire after 30 days.
Primary sources
Sources
- 21 CFR Part 74, Subpart A: certified color additives listed for food (eCFR, as of Oct 1, 2026) ecfr.gov
- 21 CFR 74.101: FD&C Blue No. 1 (eCFR) ecfr.gov
- 21 CFR 74.102: FD&C Blue No. 2 (eCFR) ecfr.gov
- 21 CFR 101.22(k): how colorings must be declared on food labels (eCFR) ecfr.gov
- FDA: color additives and ingredient labels fda.gov
- FDA: tracking food industry pledges to remove petroleum-based food dyes fda.gov
- FDA: further steps to remove outdated color additive authorizations (Orange B revoked, July 22, 2026) fda.gov
- EFSA ANS Panel: re-evaluation of Brilliant Blue FCF (E 133) as a food additive, EFSA Journal (2010) doi.org
- EFSA ANS Panel: re-evaluation of Allura Red AC (E 129) as a food additive, EFSA Journal (2009) doi.org
- EFSA ANS Panel: re-evaluation of Indigo Carmine (E 132) as a food additive, EFSA Journal (2014) doi.org
- West Virginia Legislature: House Bill 2354 (2025), enrolled text wvlegislature.gov
- Assemblymember Jesse Gabriel: Governor signs the California School Food Safety Act, AB 2316 (Sept 28, 2024) a46.asmdc.org
